Water contamination by pharmaceuticals and heavy metals poses severe environmental and health risks. Traditional methods like biodegradation and filtration often lack efficiency and sustainability. Photocatalysis, using solar energy to degrade pollutants, offers a promising alternative but faces challenges such as weak redox capacity and low catalytic performance. Water contamination by pharmaceuticals and heavy metals poses severe environmental and health risks. Traditional methods like biodegradation and filtration often lack efficiency and sustainability. Photocatalysis, using solar energy to degrade pollutants, offers a promising alternative but faces challenges such as weak redox capacity and low catalytic performance. Analytical Chemistry Materials Science Phys.org – latest science and technology news stories