Weather, climate and hydrometeorology forecasts require accurate surface–atmosphere coupled modeling. This requires the use of proper coupling heights in computing surface turbulent fluxes, or the exchanges of heat, moisture and momentum between the surface of the Earth and the near-surface thin layer of air called the surface layer. Weather, climate and hydrometeorology forecasts require accurate surface–atmosphere coupled modeling. This requires the use of proper coupling heights in computing surface turbulent fluxes, or the exchanges of heat, moisture and momentum between the surface of the Earth and the near-surface thin layer of air called the surface layer. Earth Sciences Environment Phys.org – latest science and technology news stories