Heterogeneous catalysts, which often consist of metal nanoparticles loaded on supports such as metal oxides, can undergo several types of restructuring under reaction and catalytic conditions. Advanced characterizations now allow the surface structure of … Heterogeneous catalysts, which often consist of metal nanoparticles loaded on supports such as metal oxides, can undergo several types of restructuring under reaction and catalytic conditions. Advanced characterizations now allow the surface structure of … Science