Apple trees, like many perennial plants, endure a prolonged juvenile stage before reaching maturity, during which they experience complex developmental changes. These transitions impact photosynthetic traits, growth rates, and hormone balance. However, the mechanisms governing these processes are not well understood, complicating efforts to enhance fruit tree productivity. Apple trees, like many perennial plants, endure a prolonged juvenile stage before reaching maturity, during which they experience complex developmental changes. These transitions impact photosynthetic traits, growth rates, and hormone balance. However, the mechanisms governing these processes are not well understood, complicating efforts to enhance fruit tree productivity. Molecular & Computational biology Agriculture Phys.org – latest science and technology news stories